A study guide free essay sample

Reviewing Criteria and Feedback Students will be set apart as per the definite evaluating rules situated toward the finish of this area of the Subject Learning Guide. Input will be given to the gathering inside three weeks of the accommodation date. This input is to be joined into Assessment Task 2: Group Presentation. Depiction of Task The appraisal task expects understudies to basically assess the speculations of uncial bookkeeping. It offers the understudies the chance to exhibit their degree of comprehension of the reasonable foundation to bookkeeping practice and guideline. So as to finish this errand, understudies will be designated to bunches from inside their instructional exercise. Evaluation Task multi week 8 20% The test will be directed during the week 8 talk. Subtleties of the time and spot of the test will be given nearer to the date. Reviewing Criteria and Feedback The inquiries are intelligent requiring contribution from the understudy, in light of data provided. The understudies execution will be gotten to consequently by the framework and an imprint out of 10 will be distributed on consummation of each online undertaking. We will compose a custom article test on An investigation manage or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Whenever mentioned, criticism and extra assist will with being given by the teacher. Portrayal of Task The point of this appraisal task is to offer understudies the chance to exhibit their degree of comprehension at the mid-purpose of the semester.This should feature to understudies whether they have to invest more energy connecting with the subject material so as to have adequate comprehension to agreeably finish the subject. The test will involve Multiple Choice Questions ONLY and may incorporate inquiries from themes 4, 5, 6 and 7. Understudies who neglect to sit the mid-semester test at the planned time will be granted zero (O) marks for this bit of evaluation. Evaluation Task 3 SILOS Assessed Students must give a short report to the teacher, before the introduction, itemizing how they have fused criticism from Assessment Task 1 into their introduction. Reviewing Criteria and Feedback gave to assemble individuals at any rate multi week preceding the last examination.Incorporating input got from Assessment Task 1, understudies are squired to introduce their discoveries from Assessment Task 1 to the instructional exercise gathering. Understudies will work in a similar gathering according to Assessment Task 1 and all gathering individuals are relied upon to partake in the oral introduction. Evaluation Task 4 1, 2,3 The assessment will be held during the test time frame. Understudies ought to counsel the assessment plan for date, time and room subtleties. Reviewing Criteria and Feedback the finish of this segment of the Subject Learning Guide. Understudies must get at any rate 40% on the last assessment and accomplish a base total characteristic of half for the subject so as to increase a passing evaluation for the subject.The last grades in the subject and in every one of the appraisal assignments will be designated by the accompanying: AI-100% B: 70-79%C: 60 D: 50 N: 49% or less The last assessment will comprise of 15 minutes understanding time and 3 hours composing time. The last assessment will cover all pieces of the course, except if in any case exhorted. It will comprise Of short answer hypothesis and functional inquiries requiring figurings and the chronicle of bookkeeping diary sections. Understudies won't be allowed to bring any printed or manually written material into the last assessment. Understudies are permitted to welcome an on-programmable adding machine. Further insights about the configuration and passable materials of the last assessment will be instructed nearer to the date concerning the examination.Detailed Grading Criteria Assessment Task 1 : Group Report Criteria Standard (N, 0-49% and so forth) (D, 50-59%, and so on) (C, 60-69%, and so on) (B, 70-79%, and so forth) (A, 80-100%, and so on) 1. 1 Understanding of pertinent hypotheses, disciplinary substance and guideline Inaccurate or improper decision/utilization of speculations. Neglected to apply or improperly applied Standards and additionally rules Fair endeavor at use of speculations. Applied a few Standards as well as rules suitably Key hypotheses are applied in a fitting and direct way. Applied suitable Standards and additionally (rules to the primary issues. Astute and suitable utilization of key speculations. Norms and additionally rules fittingly applied to the issues Demonstrates reconciliation and advancement in the use of hypothesis.

Beginner English Grammar Review

Novice English Grammar Review Once youve showed a starting level class for a couple of months, its time for audit. There are such a significant number of new learning focuses through the span of a class that understudies need to return to what they have realized. So as to do this, we like to do a touch of what we call punctuation slamming. Understudies take a test which has an inquiry for each kind of learning point the class has secured. The purpose of this activity is to urge understudies to talk about each point to survey together. We like utilizing this activity in little gatherings to bring issues to light of what has just been realized and where issues despite everything lie. The sheets gave in these language structure slamming surveys are extremely compelling in light of the fact that each question centers around one significant, explicit region. Point Language structure audit of the most significant middle level English tenses, structure, and capacities Movement Language structure slamming different decision survey exercise with each question concentrating on a particular point Level Novice Diagram This is straight-forward stuff. Make the duplicates and offer them to the students.Have every understudy do the sheet by him/herself.Ask understudies to look at answers and talk about contrasts, every understudy attempting to clarify his/her choice.A right sheet as a class. Audit every language point rapidly - you ought to get a great deal of Oh, yeah.....Give the understudies a plain duplicate of a similar exercise to rehash at home to set the survey work out. Language structure Banging - Review your English - 1 Pick the right word to fill in the hole. Are there ______ apples in the kitchen?muchanysomeThat is _____ fascinating book.theaanI went ______ church last Sunday.atintoWhat _____ he like? - He is very friendly.doesdidisI ________ another vehicle last month.boughthave boughtbuyedHow ________ cash do you have in your pocket?manyfewmuchHe came ______ home toward the end of last night.- attoJack is a decent kid, and I like _____.- himhisI get up ______ seven oclock each day.inonatI like __________ music.listenlisten tolistening toWhat __________ in your free time?you dodo you doare you doingMy father _______ in a bank.worksworkis workingWould you like _______ coffee?anyansome Exercise 1 Printing Page Amateur Grammar Banging Page 2Back to exercises asset page

A List of Essay Topics For High School Students - How to Use These Guidelines

A List of Essay Topics For High School Students - How to Use These GuidelinesThe list of essay topics for high school students is a great resource to check out when you are planning your next assignment. Although many teachers give you a list of good topics at the beginning of each semester, this is not always enough time to come up with new topics for yourself or as a group. It can take a lot of work, research and time before you find the perfect topics to write about.The fact of the matter is that most high school students do not know anything about math or science, let alone many other subjects. So you will have to focus on the subjects that most high school students can relate to. This means that you can use an essay topic as a base for your own work, but that you must choose those topics that are going to be appealing to your students.Since the topic is one thing that you are going to want to consider carefully, it is necessary that you research it extensively to make sure that you are working with the topics that will be best for personal growth. Do not think that the topics on the list of essays for high school students are going to be used in each topic of the test. It is possible that they will be used, but not in every subject.For example, if you choose the list of essays for high school students to help you with your personal growth, you will need to make sure that you include a discussion of self-esteem, confidence and self-esteem. You also need to include a discussion of failure. You should include a discussion of motivation to help motivate yourself to be good at something. There should be a discussion of goals and making a plan for future goals.In addition to this, you will need to discuss problems that the student has been having with a problem that may not be related to the student's life. Sometimes problems are discovered by someone else after all. If there is any information about this then you should discuss this in your essay as well.If you feel that you do not have enough time to make sure that you cover everything that is needed, you can always make a list of topics from the end of the semester. Usually all you need to do is add a review of the subject matter that you are covering and then make a new topic based on your interests and knowledge. This way you can make sure that the subject matters are covered.As a parent you can also make sure that your children are ready for their personal development needs by incorporating a few more topics into their assignments. It is going to help them have some extra writing time to help them learn about their own strengths and weaknesses. They can also use these additional skills to help them through life and help others. This is very important.As a parent, you should be aware that today's kids are very different than before. Not only are their strengths and weaknesses different, but they have many interests and hobbies as well. If you provide a curriculum that is relevant to t oday's youth and help them to be prepared for success in life then you will find that they are ready for what is coming their way.

Biography of Gabriel Garcia Moreno - Gabriel Garcia Moreno Profile

The World Of Perception Is A Book That Relates How...

The World of Perception is a book that relates how individuals distinguish the world in association to the self, others, and society. Written by Merleau Ponty, the World of Perception contradicts the classic understandings of society and engages the various abstractions of the world. Perception shows how people observe the world and what is within it. Perception is how one may sense one thing in the world, while another person may sense something else. Perception is an important concept because it is the basis of how humans view themselves and the world around them. For self-understanding, human understanding, and the understanding of society, perception plays a key role in how one understands the world. In the film Wild, originally a†¦show more content†¦Natural Science is the difference between seeing and understanding something and sensing it. When considering the difference, it can be an example of if a person goes into a bakery and they simply notice the things around t hem, are they in the world, but if he/she goes into the bakery and interprets the smells of dough, the sweet smell of the desserts, or the taste of one sip of coffee and relate it back to when his or her mother made their favorite dessert or when his/her grandfather gave them their first sip of coffee at church; that is the difference. Being in the world and being a part of it are two very different things and both rely on one’s perception and understanding of the world around them. Natural Science plays a role in Wild as well in the scene where Cheryl is camping for the first night and while for most of the day she remained in her thoughts and reflected on why she was hiking, she began to sense the world around her when the sun went down. She started to hear the flutter of cricket songs, the echoing howl of coyotes, and felt the crisp air of the darkened desert she had not understood before. She said to herself repeatedly in this scene, â€Å"I’m not scared† as if to fool herself to sense another reality. If one does not sense the world she is in, she is not in reality. In many ways, Cheryl’s senses begin to surround her understanding of the hike and enlightens her perception of herself. Since the worldShow MoreRelatedPsy230 Final1203 Words   |  5 PagesLVRC, CPM In 1979 Douglas Adams wrote in his book, The Hitchhikers’ Guide to the Universe, â€Å"The answer to life, the universe and everything, is 42† (Adams 1979). Of course we all know that the answers do not come quite so easily. Really, forget the answer; the question is what the meaning of life is. Man has asked this question for millennia, and we still search for it today. We have learned a lot in the last nine weeks about personality and how it develops within a person. We have analyzed thoseRead MoreA Critical Study Of World Religions By Craig Martin886 Words   |  4 PagesIn his book, A Critical Introduction to the Study of World Religions, Craig Martin aims to introduce undergraduate students to a socio-functional approach in exposing the methods in which religion disrupts class equality. He succeeds by using intelligible explanations, arguments, and examples to skeptically understand how man is shaped by religion. Martin uses a functionalistic approach to understand the role religion plays in society, exploring each object with hermeneutical suspicion, believingRead MoreEpistemology And The Pursuit Of Knowledge Essay1356 Words   |  6 Pagesuseful and beneficial terms, theories, and notions. More specifically, this can be accomplished by examining the social character of knowledge and how an individual s reality is shaped via testimony. Testimony, a declaration or proposition which an individual claims to be true and fact, is key to social epistemology. With certainty, some individuals claims, beliefs, and opinions are converging, whereas others are diverging. There are differences between subjective reality, influenced by theRead MoreThe Presentation of Self in Everyday Life by Erving Goffman1040 Words   |  5 PagesSpoiled Identity to illustrate the lives of stigmatized individuals—those who are unable to conform to standards that society calls â€Å"normal†. Stigma (1963) was published after two of Goffman’s other works, The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life and Asylums. In The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life (1959), Goffman uses face-to-face interactions as his subject of his study. Goffman finds that individuals attempt to give others a certain perception of their self by changing his or her appearance orRead MoreWanderlust and Travel Nt788 Words   |  4 PagesJourneys can include those that are physical, mental or inner and are often accompanied by challenges that can change the individual mostly for the better. Journeys are taken for many reasons, some are taken from choice and others are compulsory. A journey can be lone or be accompanied. The outcomes of journeys may shape the individual as a person. I was not aware of the depth or many aspects of concept of journey till our study of it. After our study I have developed a appreciation not onlyRead MoreAn Essay About Natural Attitude and Preconceptions 1388 Words   |  6 Pagesknowledge we take for granted in our day to day lives. The basic knowledge that the life world exists around you and how it functions on a daily basis. In the domain of natural attitude, we do not raise scientific questions or question the existence of something; we just consider them as facts. Consider switching on a fan. Here, every time you switch on a fan, you don’t investigate the functioning of the fan or look into how the fan starts spinning when you put on a switch. You just know that pressing theRead MoreThe Hidden Dimension By Edward T. Hall1486 Words   |  6 PagesHidden Dimension by Edward T. Hall (originally published in 1969 by Anchor Books) examines cultural perceptions of space and outlines the important roles space has relatin g to urban city design, human interaction, cross-culture relationships, and architecture. The uses of space across cultural groups is examined in depth by Hall and an explanation of the application of spatial organisations in different parts of the world is attributed to upbringings and intergenerational conventions relating toRead MoreDepression And Depression In Wurtzel1093 Words   |  5 Pagesa young age had affected her whole life and has made it difficult to act normal. Wurtzel expresses her sadness and copes in destructive ways such as cutting and doing drugs. The book goes on a journey of her life and the issues she goes through, meeting people, and managing with additional problems. Providing perceptions to make sense with depression as a serious struggle that needs comprehension with today’s society. The novel’s main conflict is battling with depression and the urges of handlingRead MoreThe Beliefs Of Misconceptions And Gender, Race, And Sexuality1472 Words   |  6 Pagesone another, as well as how African Americans are perceived and treated by others† (p.7). These ideas encapsulate a false understanding of the issues surrounding the persecutions the black community undergoes frequent. The notion of Black sexual politics addresses many connotations influencing behaviors as well as analyzing the reasons as to what affects explain the Black injustice created within our social structure. Furthermore, Collin does express how these perceptions created from gender, raceRead MoreUnderstanding A Literary Work Of The Book Meaning 1645 Words   |  7 Pagesnot represent the majority’s perception, it’s still beneficial to explain how this paper chooses to use knowledge. In this case, not only does knowledge represent facts, it simply describes what a person kn ows or understands about a piece of information. For literature, this includes everything on and in the book, especially any meanings or messages that a reader derives. This aspect that the reader finds any meaning holds the most interest for this discussion. It relates to the questions that arise

The Negative Consequences Of Public Smoking - 1347 Words

The Negative Consequences of Public Smoking Smoking is known to be one of the most dangerous medicine and can come with some seriously negative to one’s lungs. Research studies have shown that second- hand smoking can be equally as bad. According to the 1964 Surgeon General’s Report, â€Å"2.5 million adults who were nonsmokers died because they breathed secondhand smoke† (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). To those who own restaurants, oversee public places, and others in charge of entertainment venues, pay special attention to the content in this paper. Smoking should be banned inside public restaurants and businesses as well as outside public parks and other places. It is important that people understand the damaging negative effects of smoking in public. My opponents might argue that smoking is only inhaled by the smoker himself, rather than others around him or her. However, as said before, second hand smoking is just as dangerous to the smoker and the people around. People need to u nderstand that smoking can trigger others’ asthma and cause them to have an attack. Some argue that if businesses had signs outside their building saying that the venue is a smoking environment, than this would dismiss the asthma problem. However, even if businesses did display signs outside the buildings, this may drive customers away, resulting in failure of the businesses. Second hand smoking is dangerous, banning smoking in public places will reduce litter fromShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Essay Smoking885 Words   |  4 Pagessuch as smoking. People smoke for numerous reasons. These reasons include: socializing, coping with emotions, parental influences, advertising, and for the thrill of risk taking behaviors. In consequence, many people are unaware of the negative aspects to smoking. Smoking not only affects the individual but has negative impacts on others that are around the smoker and the environment as well. In result of these harmful aspects of smoking, smoking s hould be banned in public places. Smoking shouldRead MoreBans, Laws, And Taxes On Smoking Essay1020 Words   |  5 PagesBans, Laws, and Taxes on smoking With the changing of times, many places over the years have gone smoke free. Some of these places include: hospitals, airplanes, restaurants, bars, universities, schools, hotels and many others. One of the places in Anchorage that has recently gone smoke free is the University of Anchorage Alaska. According to an article titled â€Å"History of Smoke and Tobacco-Free UAA† (n.d.), â€Å"With the new policy, UAA joins more than 1,500 colleges and universities in the U.S. thatRead MorePublic Health And Social Justice Essay718 Words   |  3 PagesIn public health, as in many fields there are a set of conundrums that practitioners, leaders and law makers have to address in order to provide the most appropriate service to their populations. One of these conundrums is the battle between what is good for the community vs. what is good for the individual. This topic will be broken up to the community vs. the individual, and discussed based on research done by Kass et al, and Oriola , and will be concluded by presenting possible solutions. PublicRead MoreBan Smoking On Public Beaches855 Words   |  4 PagesThe ban of smoking on public beaches in America has increased since it started in the 1970s. This is a controversial issue as not all people agree on banning smoking on public beaches, mainly smokers. People that are strongly against smoking on public beaches tend to be parents and non-smokers alike. They find it absolutely unacceptable to smoke on public beaches as they see it as an unhealthy and a harmful habit, and do not want to be around it. Apart from disapproval of non smokers, there is otherRead MoreWorkaholism1537 Words   |  7 Pagesworkaholics are driven by a poor sense of self and are quite miserable, but there are actually different types of workaholism, and the workaholic may actually be happy diving into the multitude of tasks at work. It is not necessarily thought of in a negative way by the individual experiencing it, even though it is commonly believed to be an addiction. While a lot is heard ab out this â€Å"disorder,† workaholism is not actually an official diagnosis in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV-TR). InRead MoreSmoking Is An Addictive Habit That Has Been Killing People All Over The World1123 Words   |  5 PagesSmoking is an addictive habit that has been killing people all over the world for hundreds of years. About 25% of adults smoke and about 30% of all adolescents use some type of tobacco product (â€Å"Smoking†). Statistics show that the majority of tobacco users began as a teenager, around thirteen years of age (Miller). The human population is supposed to have innate instincts to do all they can to survive and extend their lives, but individuals still make the choice to smoke and may not take into accountRead MoreAnti Tobacco Advertisements And Effects On Quitting Behavior : Results From The California Smokers Cohort940 Words   |  4 Pagestelevision advertisements with personal message can be recall by the person and have a g reater impact on smoking cessation. The authors felt that this was an important topic to study because they were concern about the dangers of smoking tobacco. According to Leas et al. (2015) â€Å"Nondaily smoking and second-hand smoke exposure can lead to the same negative health consequences that result from daily smoking†(p.90). As a result, the authors engage in a cohort study where they use anti-tobacco advertisementsRead MoreThe Externalities of Smoking1470 Words   |  6 Pagesan increasing number of countries have imposed a ban on smoking in public places, including restaurants and bars. Unlike other regulations of cigarettes such as tax or promoting ban, this territorial smoking control sparked heated debates. While some argue that the implementation of this regulation is inefficient and reduce the public welfare (Viscusi, 1994; Tollison and Wagner, 1992; Lambert, 2006), others claim that smokers do impose negative externalities to both non-smokers and themselves (G ravelleRead MoreSmoking Is A Controversial Topic On Modern Society1201 Words   |  5 PagesWhen talking about smoking one phrase always pops up in a person s mind, â€Å"Smoking Kills†. Considered as one of the biggest public health disasters in the world smoking is a very controversial topic in modern society. As of recent times due to the link smoking has with serious health issues, many advertisement have been made to make people aware of the dangers. In the advertisement â€Å"Smoking Kills† the hand that holds the cigarette is compared to that of a gun. Since a gun has a dangerous atmosphereRead MoreA Brief Note On Cigarette Smoking And Public1252 Words   |  6 Pages Cigarette Smoking and Public Cigarette smoking is one of the largest preventable risk factors for morbidity and mortality in developed countries. It is a practice in which a substance, most commonly tobacco or cannabis is burned and the smoke is inhaled. Nowadays many people smoke everywhere at any time, thus they obtain many negative effects on their health. Although, many smokers know the health risks related to smoking but they cannot stop inhaling it. Many people

Criminal Technology free essay sample

Running Head: CRIMINAL TECHNOLOGY Criminal Technology from the Past into the Future CJ216: Computers, Technology and Criminal Justice Information Systems Professor Lally July 19, 2011 In the past, technology was not very advanced; there were not very much communication devices. But the police managed to respond the fastest way to emergency calls. As time has passed, technology advanced, so all the technology that we have now 20 years ago people did not know of its existence. That is why we are going to analyze the changes that technology has had through the years and in what way has helped the police. Also we are going to see what positive changes technology will provide us in the future. One of the advances in technology that the police have is the in-car camera system. This system has been very important to evaluate the performance of officers and their professionalism. The ability of this system to record video footage from the patrol has been very helpful in traffic stops, arrests, criminal investigations, training and internal affairs. Since the in-car cameras were installed the officers could detect drunken people or even other criminals and have also helped to exonerate officers from false accusations. If we compare the technology from the past with the technology we have in the present we can see there is a huge difference. In the past, officers only depended on their radio and had to pass all the information they got in a case and then have to wait for the dispatchers reply to know if they could continue with the arrest or not. Now days, they still use the radio, but they also have another support system that is the laptop they have in their patrol, that way the officer can access more easily and quickly to the police database. Technology provides to the police many other things that are useful in their line of work like: * Photo Enforcement Systems * Thermal Imaging * Graffiti Cameras * Electronic White Boards * Lasers * Radios * Cameras for K-9 Units * Automatic License Plate Recognition * Global Positioning System (Shultz 2008) There are also two very important database systems that law enforcement agencies use. The NCIC (National Crime Information Center); this system has a very large information of offender’s fingerprints and has led way to the system that today is known as AFIS of Automated Fingerprint Identification System. Foster, 2004) The AFIS provide all the law enforcement agencies around the United States a huge amount of criminal information just by run a simple fingerprint. In 1999 the FBI developed another database that is called IAFIS (Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System). This system not only include fingerprints, it includes mug shots, scars, criminal histories a nd tattoo photos; also include physical characteristics like hair color, eye color, height, weight and aliases. The system also has civil fingerprints from individuals who work or worked for the government. We have discussed the technology we had in the past and the technology we have now and compared both. But what does technology has prepared for us in the future? There are several prototypes of new technology that the police can use to help them; there is a system that is called RCIS (Remote Control Information System) â€Å"Is a highly compact communication system that provides video feed, two-way communication and vital signs monitoring and has a GPS feature† (Foster, 2004). The Stolen Item Database is another system that can be use by the law enforcement agencies. This will work like a scanner and if a store is robbed the officer could scan the item that the suspect that was arrested has and that way the officer can see if the merchandise is stolen or not. For future technology the Biometrics science which is a science that helps law enforcement to determine who is the correct criminal. Biometrics will lead the Criminal Justice System into the future. There are different items that have to collect and analyze using biometrics which are: Deoxybunucleic Acid (DNA) from blood samples, facial recognition, iris and retina recognition, fingerprints, palm and handprints. One of the most important examples of biometrics is DNA. The DNA is very helpful in the Criminal Justice System because some times thanks for a blood example that was found in a crime scene, it could be determine who was the person who commit the crime or who was that victim. Forensic scientist can use DNA in semen, hair, saliva, blood or skin that was found in a crime scene. This process is called DNA profiling. â€Å"In DNA profiling of variable sections of repetitive DNA, such as short tandem repeats and minisatellites, are compared between people†. Collins, 1994) This technique is very reliable when identifying matching DNA. But when the scene is contaminated the identification can be difficult. (Balding 2005) There is also technology that is developing for police tactical communications like: TEA’s LASH headset that was designed especially for Los Angeles police special weapons and tactics (SWAT) division. The TEA is a strap that goes around the neck and inside the strap is a nozzle module near the voice box, so you can talk even if there is a lot of noise and the person who has the other set can hear you but the other people can not. We can say that over the past 70 years technology has taken a huge step forward, from the radio communication to the cameras that are above the traffic lights, panic buttons and even advance technology that the new patrols has, like video cameras, computer and more. There was also advance in the security systems, in the past every worker had to check the time at they got to their work and the time they left in paper sheets, but now they use electronic cards or even chips. For the military there are several new equipment that can be use by sending them to investigate without jeopardize the life of one of the soldiers. So, there has been a breakthrough in technology that has helped us in every way. What progress can we expect for the next 70 years? REFERENCES Foster, R. E. (2004) Police Technology, New York, NY Prentice Hall Moriarty, L. J. (2005) Criminal Justice Technology in the 21st Century, Springfield, Illinois, Charles C. Thomas Publisher, LTD Schultz, P. D. (2008) The Future is here: Technology in police departments. From the police chief, Vol. LXXV, no. 6 Balding, D. J. (2005) Weight of evidence for forensic DNA profiles. London, UK John Wiley son LTD. Collins A. (1994) Likelihood ratios for DNA identification Great Britain

What role do Love and Marriage play in Romeo and Juliet Essay Example For Students

What role do Love and Marriage play in Romeo and Juliet Essay The romantic tragedy Romeo and Juliet contains many different types of romantic love and marriage. The examples of romantic love contained in this play are chivalric, dynastic, infatuation and true love. The types of marriage are passionate and impulsive and arranged and forced. These types of love and marriage are quite different from modern ideas. Courtly and dynastic loves occur infrequently, although there are still couples who are smitten with each other and in true love. Passionate, impulsive or arranged marriages are uncommon, in favour of well planned, thought out marriages, between people who really love each other. At the beginning of the play, Romeo is besotted with Rosaline, so much so that he cannot talk of anything else. He is trying to woe Rosaline, but is Out of favour where I am in love. We learn that Romeo is sad as Rosaline rejects him and shell not be hit With Cupids arrow. We will write a custom essay on What role do Love and Marriage play in Romeo and Juliet specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The way that Romeo speaks suggests that he is very sensitive. The audience are also led to believe that Romeo is confused by his emotions, by the line: O brawling love, O loving hate. He loves being in love, rather than actually loving Rosaline. Shakespeare uses this to create a contrast with Romeos love for Juliet. Romeos behaviour relates to the idea of courtly love as he believes that his love is perfect and he is pining over a girl he does not even know. Benvolio has a calm attitude to love. He talks sensibly when he comforts Romeo. His advice is that there are plenty more fish in the sea so Romeo should Examine other beauties. Benvolio tries to help Romeo by saying Be ruled by me, forget to think of her. He thinks that it is tragic that love which is so gentle in his (Romeos) view Should be so tyrannous in proof. Mercutio has a more intense, ruthless attitude. He attempts to cheer Romeo up, telling him to be rough with love if need be. He encourages Romeo to dance, but when Romeo says love is holding him down, he says You are a lover, borrow Cupids wings And soar with them above a common ground Mercutio encourages Romeo to fight fire with fire: If love be rough with you, be rough with love; Prick love for pricking and you beat love down. He thinks that Romeo should take a harder line with his emotions. From Lord Capulets and Paris points of view, the purpose of marriage is mostly dynastic, to join two families. The choice of spouse is ruled by social class and wealth. Paris offers marriage to Capulets daughter; But now, my Lord, what say you to my suit? Capulets initial response is negative, as Juliet is the hopeful lady of my earth, and She hath not seen the change of fourteen years. He is optimistic for his daughter and tells Paris that he must Let two more summers wither in there pride. He eventually agrees to the suit as long as Paris can woo her and get her heart. Capulets will to her consent is but a part. Lady Capulet and the nurse present the idea of marriage to Juliet by asking her How stands your dispositions to be married? We know that Juliet is less than pleased with the idea by her response: It is an idea that I dream not of. With some persuasion from her mother however, including: Here in Verona, ladies of esteem, Are made already mothers. By my count, I was made your mother much upon these years .u4e5c4bf429659675a9cb6d888bea1cdf , .u4e5c4bf429659675a9cb6d888bea1cdf .postImageUrl , .u4e5c4bf429659675a9cb6d888bea1cdf .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4e5c4bf429659675a9cb6d888bea1cdf , .u4e5c4bf429659675a9cb6d888bea1cdf:hover , .u4e5c4bf429659675a9cb6d888bea1cdf:visited , .u4e5c4bf429659675a9cb6d888bea1cdf:active { border:0!important; } .u4e5c4bf429659675a9cb6d888bea1cdf .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4e5c4bf429659675a9cb6d888bea1cdf { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4e5c4bf429659675a9cb6d888bea1cdf:active , .u4e5c4bf429659675a9cb6d888bea1cdf:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4e5c4bf429659675a9cb6d888bea1cdf .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4e5c4bf429659675a9cb6d888bea1cdf .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4e5c4bf429659675a9cb6d888bea1cdf .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4e5c4bf429659675a9cb6d888bea1cdf .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4e5c4bf429659675a9cb6d888bea1cdf:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4e5c4bf429659675a9cb6d888bea1cdf .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4e5c4bf429659675a9cb6d888bea1cdf .u4e5c4bf429659675a9cb6d888bea1cdf-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4e5c4bf429659675a9cb6d888bea1cdf:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Leonardo’s indifferent behavior as a husband to highlight the limitations of society in Lorca’s play â€Å"Blood Wedding† Essayshe starts to change her mind. She keeps her options open: Ill look to like, if looking liking move; But no more deep will I endart mine eye Than your consent gives strength to make it fly. By which she means she will consider marriage, but only if she likes Paris and her family approve and help her along. At the Capulets party, Romeo falls in love with Juliet on sight. Romeo introduces himself to Juliet by saying if I profane with my unworthiest hand This holy shrine, the gentle sin is this,. Romeo kisses fair Juliet twice, after which she tells him You kiss by thbook Just before Juliet learns that Romeo is a Montague and therefore her sworn enemy, she says My grave is like to be my wedding bed. Shakespeare uses this to create irony, as marrying Romeo leads to Juliets death. The pair declare their feelings for one another is Juliets orchard. Romeo describes Juliet as the sun!. The two decide to marry and Juliet tells Romeo to send word tomorrow: Thy purpose marriage, send me word tomorrow,. The audience now feels that Romeo is unreliable and a bit pathetic as he has gone from being in love with Rosaline to wanting to marry Juliet. This is an important issue in the play as Shakespeare is showing that when you find the right person, you will have no doubts. Friar Lawrence helps Romeo and Juliets relationship by marrying them. He is a pillar of society and helps them as believes in true love and the greater good. He also believes that the marriage will end years of feuding: To turn your households rancour to pure love. He also tells them that they need to slow down: Wisely and slow, they stumble that run fast. The friar is passing on some of his experience to the young couple as he sees it as his duty as a pillar of society. The nurse helps Romeo and Juliet by partly organizing the marriage and by being a messenger between them. She is from a lower class, a servant. Her relationship with her husband led her to believe in true love, so she wants to help them. In Act 3 scene 4, Lord Capulet is certain that Juliet will obey him: I think she will be ruled In all respects by me; He does not give Juliets feelings any thought, he is only concerned with arranging things with Paris: Will you be ready? Do you like this haste? Lady Capulet thinks that the marriage is a very good idea and that Juliet will by very pleased to find out: But now Ill tell thee joyful tidings, girl. Lord Capulet is the dominant figure in his and Lady Capulets marriage. We know this as he makes all of the decisions: Here comes your father, tell him so yourself; And see how he will take it at your hands. However, Lady Capulet is not afraid to voice her opinions: Fie fie what, are you mad? The nurse feels that Juliet is not at fault for rejecting Paris suit: You are to blame my lord, to rate her so This tells us that when the play written, in the higher classes, marriage was a formality, but in the lower classes it actually meant something. Juliet then finds herself facing bigamy, which leaves her considering suicide: Twixt my extremes and me this bloody knife. Friar Lawrence tries to help her by offering her the chance to deceive everyone and pretend to be dead: A thing like death to chide away this shame. This tells us that the values of society in which the play is set are religious, as citizens, even members of the church are willing to deceive to avoid breaking the laws of the church. .ua62515aea395b9bbf5770ba5790381fe , .ua62515aea395b9bbf5770ba5790381fe .postImageUrl , .ua62515aea395b9bbf5770ba5790381fe .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua62515aea395b9bbf5770ba5790381fe , .ua62515aea395b9bbf5770ba5790381fe:hover , .ua62515aea395b9bbf5770ba5790381fe:visited , .ua62515aea395b9bbf5770ba5790381fe:active { border:0!important; } .ua62515aea395b9bbf5770ba5790381fe .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua62515aea395b9bbf5770ba5790381fe { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua62515aea395b9bbf5770ba5790381fe:active , .ua62515aea395b9bbf5770ba5790381fe:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua62515aea395b9bbf5770ba5790381fe .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua62515aea395b9bbf5770ba5790381fe .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua62515aea395b9bbf5770ba5790381fe .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua62515aea395b9bbf5770ba5790381fe .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua62515aea395b9bbf5770ba5790381fe:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua62515aea395b9bbf5770ba5790381fe .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua62515aea395b9bbf5770ba5790381fe .ua62515aea395b9bbf5770ba5790381fe-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua62515aea395b9bbf5770ba5790381fe:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Constitutionality Of Same Sex Marriage EssayAt the tragic ending to the play, I believe that Shakespeare is using love and marriage to make another point as a lesson to the audience. He is saying that you should love whilst you can, as you may not always have the chance, but the most important message that the audience receives is that it sometimes takes drastic measures to solve disputes and that things do not always work out as you expect they will.

History of the Colosseum or Flavian Amphitheater

History of the Colosseum or Flavian Amphitheater The Colosseum or Flavian Amphitheater is one of the most well-known of the ancient Roman structures because so much of it still remains. Meaning: Amphitheater comes from the Greek amphi ~ on both sides and theatron ~ semicircular viewing place or theater. An Improvement Over the Existing Design The Circus The Colosseum in Rome is an amphitheater. It was developed as an improvement over the differently shaped  but similarly used Circus Maximus, for gladiatorial combats, wild beast fights (venationes), and mock naval battles (naumachiae). Spine: Elliptical in shape, the circus had a fixed central divider called a spina down the middle, which was useful in chariot races, but got in the way during fights.Viewing: In addition, the spectators view was limited in the circus. The amphitheater put spectators on all sides of the action. Flimsy Early Amphitheaters In 50 B.C., C. Scribonius Curio built the first amphitheater in Rome to stage his fathers funeral games. Curios amphitheater and the next one, built in 46 B.C., by Julius Caesar, were made of wood. The weight of the spectators was at times too great for the wooden structure and, of course, the wood was easily destroyed by fire. Stable Amphitheater Emperor Augustus designed a more substantial amphitheater to stage venationes, but it wasnt until the Flavian emperors, Vespasian and Titus, that the enduring, limestone, brick, and marble Amphitheatrum Flavium (aka Vespasians Amphitheater) was built. The construction utilized a careful combination of types: concrete for the foundations, travertine for the piers and arcades, tufa infill between piers for the walls of the lower two levels, and brick-faced concrete used for the upper levels and for most of the vaults.Great Buildings Online - Roman Colosseum The amphitheater was dedicated in A.D. 80, in a ceremony lasting a hundred days, with the slaughter of 5000 sacrificial animals. The amphitheater may not have been finished, however, until the reign of Titus brother Domitian. Lightning damaged the amphitheater, but later emperors repaired and maintained it until the games were ended in the sixth century. Source of the Name Colosseum The medieval historian Bede applied the name Colosseum (Colyseus) to the Amphitheatrum Flavium, possibly because the amphitheater which had taken back the pond on the land Nero had devoted to his extravagant golden palace (domus aurea) stood beside a colossal statue of Nero. This etymology is disputed. Size of the Flavian Amphitheater The tallest Roman structure, the colosseum was about 160 feet high and covered about six acres. Its long axis is 188m and its short, 156m. Construction used 100,000 cubic meters of travertine (like the cella of the Temple of Hercules Victor), and 300 tons of iron for clamps, according to Filippo Coarelli in Rome and Environs. Although all the seats are gone, at the end of the 19th century, the seating potential was calculated and the figures are generally accepted. There were likely 87,000 seats in 45-50 rows inside the colosseum. Coarelli says social standing determined seating, so those rows closest to the action were reserved for the senatorial classes, whose special seats were inscribed with their names and made of marble. Women were separated at public events from the time of the earliest emperor, Augustus. The Romans probably held mock sea battles in the Flavian Amphitheater. Vomitoria There were 64 numbered doors to let spectators in and out that were called vomitoria. N.B.: Vomitoria were exits, not places spectators regurgitated the contents of their stomachs to facilitate binge eating and drinking. People vomited forth, so to speak, from the exits. Other Noteworthy Aspects of the Colosseum There were substructures under the fighting area that may have been animal dens or channels for water for or from the mock naval battles. It is hard to determine how the Romans produced venationes and naumachiae on the same day. A removable awning called velarium provided the spectators with shade from the sun. The outside of the Flavian amphitheater has three rows of arches, each built according to a different order of architecture, Tuscan (the simplest, Doric, but with an Ionic base), on the ground level, then Ionic, and then the most ornate of the three Greek orders, the Corinthian. The vaults of the Colosseum were both barrel and groined (where barrel arches intersect each other at right angles). The core was concrete, with the exterior covered in cut stone.

UK Shouldn't leave European union Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

UK Shouldn't leave European union - Essay Example British are of the fact that the weak stance of the Euro zone due to the economic hardships is burdening UK. They are paying for the stability of other countries which are the members of the EU. The cost of this union is very high and the heritage of UK is at stake due to the policies which have been enforced on Britain by EU. This report suggests that UK should remain a part of the EU to ensure a more stable future and dominance on the Euro Zone. This will improve its economic strength and the power of dominance which has been a part of the heritage of UK. INTRODUCTION EUROPEAN UNION (EU) The European Union is an alliance between some of the European nations to support each other in maintaining the stability which arise due to the economic or the social / societal hardships in an economy. The European Union came into existence in the year 1993. A treaty was signed by the members called the Treaty of Maastricht. The base of this alliance was formed in 1958 by European Economic Commun ity (EEC) which was the result of signing of the Treaty of Rome. A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH AND THE EUROPEAN NATION United Kingdom (UK) and the European Union (EU) have a history which goes back in time. Both the regions have their own significant importance with respect to the business situations. UK operates under the currency of British Pound and the EU states use the standardised currency Euro all across the nation. The history of these states has always been complicated. The current scenario of the states is making problems for the strategic alliance between both the countries. The economic turmoil and the period of recession are forcing a strategic alliance between both the nations. UK has always been on the stronger side due to the British reign and the supremacy of the queen. The strategic personnel of UK and the think tanks which make the strategic decision of the countries progress are of the view of breaking the strategic alliance with the EU. In this report the areas emphasising on the importance of this alliance have been discussed. The current economic factors which are the main detrimental factors of the problems will also be discussed in this report. The economic recession has brought hardship on many nations. We will see that what strategies have been adopted by the UK & EU states. UK wants to break the alliance which has been developed. The factors which have led behind this decision and the study that whether this decision will be or will not be feasible for the states of this region or not. Breaking an alliance at this point may cause a disruption in the complete system and may require the re-establishing of the strategic goals which the region wants to implement. Whether Britain should or should not leave the European Union. If not then what are the factors which will affect the states if this alliance breaks. The alliance would have brought some sort of advantage to the UK and EU nation both. The recommendations should be analysed aft er the detailed study of the topic to present a best possibly applicable conclusion. A POLICY POSITION- UK SHOULDN’T LEAVE EU The votes in the Parliament have emphasised on the point that Britain does not plan to stay a part of the European Union. The current course of action of the representative is showing a trend that Britain will leave the EU by the time the next parliamentarian

How Fascism Managed To Come To Power in Italy, In 1922 Essay

How Fascism Managed To Come To Power in Italy, In 1922 - Essay Example National belonging to an ethnicity is highly emphasized in this ideology. It does not promote any tenets of democracy. These range from free media, individual freedom and legislation of laws. Clearly, the attempts to impose the fascist ideas have led to war. For instance, the World War II and the holocaust show the effects of fascism. Fascist movements stand against all other political ideologies and only borrow the ideal-type characteristics that emphasized on ethnicity. Although the emphasis on fascism was nationalism, its main appeal was international. In fascism, there is intense political patriotism, and it is in this that the fascist leaders build their main foundation on. In this essay, I will discuss factors that enhanced the success of fascism in Italy during Benito Mussolini’s regime. The paper majorly focuses on explaining how the success was due to the anti-party characteristic of fascism. Benito Mussolini was the founder and leader of fascism in Italy. From his ea rly life, there was immense interest in fascism as the best technique to improving the system in Italy. As a journalist, his main topics covered on fascism. Mussolini was a prime minister in Italy after the First World War. His fascist ideas propelled him to become a powerful figure in Italian politics by this time. After the First World War, most economies were shattered including Italy’s economy. It is in this respect that Mussolini emerged as a fascist leader. He developed ideas against communism and explained that it was the reason for failure of the Italian state. His fascist ideas were aptly informed and in most cases, they were populist-based. There was unrest in most cities since the unemployment levels were on the rise (Burgwyn, 2012 p16). In his quest to initiate fascism in Italy, Mussolini promised to build Italy and recreate the Roman Empire. He developed armed gangs known as the Blakshirts who dealt with criminal any people causing trouble. This group also dissol ved protests and strikes. In some Italian cities, the fascist were the police officers. Clearly, fascism by Mussolini was a technique and not a doctrine. He used it to gain credibility that is more public. Mussolini rose as the prime minister when he threatened to organize demonstrations in Rome, in October 1992. This was during the reign of King Emmanuel III. Since Mussolini had great public support, his wish was granted by the king (Townley, 2002 p98). The king understood that he was in no position to counter Mussolini’s effect on all the people in Italy. Fascism by this time had grown in terms of public support. Once Mussolini became the prime minister, the king allowed him to be a dictator for a year. Up to this time, there was evident cowardice depicted by King Emmanuel. Mussolini then developed his fascist ideologies in full swing. He reformed most of the existing systems in Italy. These are in the sense of political, social and economic structures in Italy. Clearly, fa scism was a technique used, by Mussolini, to achieve nationalism in Italy but also gain an international appeal. In his first functions as the new prime minister, Mussolini turned Italy to a totalitarian state. He restructured everything in the Italian state. This was on an effort to build fascism as a strong ideology in Italy. The government had total control over everything in Italy. As the prime ministe

The Impact Of Advertising On Consumer Price Sensitivity Marketing Essay

The Impact Of Advertising On Consumer Price Sensitivity Marketing Essay Selling things are the focus of any business and to sell a product marketing is a key factor and main step to make people buy the product. In addition, the foremost thing under marketing is advertising, which is the only way with which you can change the perspective of the product in peoples mind. It is actually a form of communication intended to persuade and audience (viewers, listeners or readers) to purchase the product. The intention of actually enlightening on advertising is to know whether advertising has any impact on consumer price sensitivity or not. It does affect the consumer and their buying behavior but to what extent what are the variables and how this is effecting consumers sensitivity toward purchasing a certain product is been elaborated below. H0: Advertising Have an Impact on Willingness to Pay by a Consumer It is relevant to my article because of using demand curve to gather the impacts of advertising on consumer price sensitivity. In this paper The Impact of Advertising on Consumer Price Sensitivity in Experienced Goods Markets written by Tullen Erdem, Michael Keane, Baohong Son (2007), four categories of consumer goods are considered to examine how TV advertising and other marketing activities affect the demand curve facing a brand. Advertising affects consumer demand in many different ways. The authors observed in this article, that advertising is a reason to fall consumers price sensitivity for a particular brand. To understand how advertising effects price sensitivity one needs to estimate how it shifts the shape of the demand curve, which means estimating a demand system for all brands. Estimation of demand among four products, resulting one had a different response in WTP and that is because of focusing on one distinctive feature of the product. The effects of advertising on the shape of the demand curve depend on vertically or horizontally differentiated (attributes) of the product. Advertising stresses on vertical (claims marginal consumers) and horizontal characteristics (a brand perceived as having an advantage) will increase WTP most for those infra-marginal consumers. A supermarket scanner data used on four product categories to examine how advertising use experience, price, promotional activity in the determination of demand. Advertising affect the price elasticity of demand in two different ways: Firstly, advertising affect the limits of the demand functions of individual consumers more or less price sensitive, secondly advertising may affect the number of the set of consumers. The toothpaste and toothbrush panels cover 157 weeks including households in Chicago and Atlanta while ketchup and detergent panels cover 130 weeks included households in Sioux Falls, South Dakota and Springfield. Weekly advertising intensity measures gross saving points for each brand in the market and 60% of households linked to TV ads for last 51 weeks restricted only who bought 3 times over the period. The toothpaste panel contains 345 households who made 2880 purchases, toothbrush panel contains 167 households who made 621 purchases; detergent panels contains 581 households who made 3419 purchase and ketchup panel contains 135 households who made 1045 purchases. Advertising provides more soft information in the ketchup category (differentiated horizontally e.g. thickness in Heinz) and more hard information (vertically differentiated like quality, such as cavity fighting power in toothpaste, removal of plaque in toothbrush and cleansing power in detergent) and is obvious that nat ure of ad varies according to product. Advertising is more likely to increase price sensitivity and lead to more pro- competitive effects when the hard information is in advertising (e.g. relative quality information) rather than soft (e.g. image oriented). All products observed by different brands of same category by market share, mean price, ad frequency, display frequency, feature frequency and mean coupon availability. The statistics are in this way that there are three kinds of variables, like percentage of purchases (covers brand loyalty), ad viewing habits, and willingness to pay with reference to prices that offered. For all 18 brands, advertising reduces price sensitive but increases the prices. Advertising is not profitable because it lowers the elasticity of demand, but lifts the level of demand. The more the noisy signs of product attributes in advertisements have lower variance alternative and have greater WTP while non-risky consumers have higher variance even for the same features. This relates to the view that non-price advertising affect differently due to consumers diverse tastes. Advertising raises the level of demand by increasing the equilibrium price elasticity and decreasing the equilibrium price. Price advertising and non-price advertising affects the demand curves by costs of gaining information related to price, types of consumers and consumers tastes that visits the stores. People who are less sensitive to price are uncertain about attributes. Price advertising affects stores demand curves differently if consumers have different costs of acquiring price information, and differe nt types of consumers visit each store. It means that advertising is complimentary to consumption and is consistent with models where advertising increases WTP for a brand by producing artificial differentiation and conveying information about brand attributes Variables: Brand choice, Information and market power, Quality of the brand, Existence of the brand, Heterogeneity of consumers tastes, Attributes of the brand, Awareness of substitutes, Ad design, Brand differentiation, Barriers to entry and Experience. H0: consumer price sensitivity moderated by brand credibility This article How Advertising Influences Brand Credibility and Consumer Price Sensitivity written by Tulin Erdem, Joffre Swait, Jordan Louviere (2001), connects with my topic in this way that it explains the implication brand credibility of an advertised brand on consumer price sensitivity. Every brand has different affects on consumers on various stages on their decision of choices of a brand. It passes through different utility functions. The paper enlightens the fact, brand effects with information economics depth to analyze whether consumer price sensitivity, consumer valuation of a products overall attractiveness or utility, has an impact by brand credibility, after making a choice of a brand by advertising. The impact of brand credibility on consumer price sensitivity across class that absorbs different levels of consumer ambiguity, four different types of products utility analyzed which are Frozen concentrated juice (Dole, Minute Maid, Sunkist, Tropicana and Welshs); Jeans (Cal vin Klein, Gap, Lee, Levis, Wranglers); Shampoos (Clairol, Herbal Essence, Pantene Pro- V, Pert Plus, Salon Selective) and Personal computers (Apple, Compaq, Dell, Gateway, IBM) Two types of data relevant the hypothesis; firstly, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to obtain brand credibility of the most advertised brands at individual level in each of the four categories; and secondly, by price manipulations of the same brand to know the credibility. Subjects rated all five brands individually to estimate the credibility by them and completed a simple pricing choice experiment involving 17 choice sets in each of two product categories in addition to this, there was a distracter task that includes questions regarding their personal values to minimize the chances of linking two tasks. These four products chosen subjects could relate to them. They asked to assess how confident they would feel measuring new products in 21 different product categories before trial, after one trial and after a year of use (using 7- point agree/disagree scales) These results suggested that, as a group, the subjects viewed frozen juice concentrate more as a search good, jeans and shampoo as more short- to medium-term experience goods, and a PC as a longer-term experience good. Subjects in the pre-test (n = 31), main and supplementary (n = 170) surveys were undergraduate students at two major North American universities. Final sample sizes for the main survey were, respectively, 221, 232, 217 and 198 for juice, jeans, shampoo and PCs. The main survey took approximately 35-40 minutes to complete. Brand credibility decreases price sensitivity but the intensity of the consumers choices differs with products. The emphasis is on the product category factors that could affect the impact of brand credibility on price sensitivity. Consumer characteristics also might determine the level of impact of brand credibility and price sensitivity. Observed results suggest that the interaction between brand price and credibility is heterogeneous, which suggests that it is likely to be associated with consumer specific characteristics and the level of advertisement occur in certain period. These types differ in consumer uncertainty about product attributes plus in specific features in categories that affect sensitivity to uncertainty. It argues on the impact of price on consumption of a credible brand when there is asymmetric information through advertising. Economic framework suggests that brand credibility moderates price sensitivity under uncertainty. In high latent risk and high involvement categories, in which consumer purchase decisions may be quite complicated, the predicted effect was bigger. Price effects strongly recommend that credibility offer number of consumer benefits, which decreases price sensitivity. Variables: Brand credibility (trustworthiness, expertise, usage), Brand choice, Product category, Product attributes, Brand name and Consumer benefits. H0: online medium effects consumer price sensitivity more than offline medium To see the impact of online advertisement on advertising price sensitivity is the reason behind choosing this article. According to article The online medium and consumer price sensitivity written by Venkatesh Shankar, Arvind Rangaswamy, Michael Pusater (1999), paper explains a logical framework regarding the assumption that internet increases price sensitivity and intensify price competition and factors characterizing the online medium, consumers and intermediaries to explain the main reasonable effects of the online medium in price sensitivity. The articles inspect two main aspects of price sensitivity, the intensity of customer attaches to price relative to other attributes (Price importance and price search). About 1/4th of revenues in online shopping industry come from travel services, data set 1comprises of both medium but specified only to Marriott international and a same with data set 2 for making different hotel reservation but for any hotel chose by the respondent with same questionnaires. They asked questions regarding most recent online reservation and most recent offline reservations. Investigation in data set 1extends from the brand level to the product category level and overcomes problems due to self- selection bias in data set 1, to reduce impartiality, the differences in the frequency of shopping between the samples accounted for analysis. For data set 1 primary data collected for the customers of Marriott international and comparing the attitudes and behavior demographically to the population that differ in the medium usage, examine the online medium moderation on price sensitivity and lastly stresses the effects of website factors on price sensitivity. For offline medium consumers questionnaires mailed to customers through Marriott international customers data while for online customers, the survey posted on Marriotts website with a new tag. Only 214 form online and 306 from offline usable recipients (15%) enabled to respond. Data set 2 had to go through a test provided by hospitality sales and marketing association international and customers chose on the basis of using both online and offline medium, Receiving 144 responses from a sample of 2000 customers randomly selected from the list, who chose hotel both online and offline (a response rate of 7.2%) Talking about online medium factors interactivity and perceived depth of the message helps dampen price importance but at the same time ease of price search increases price importance, content and information interactivity does not give any significant result. Using an intermediary and product/price bundling increases price comparison and price importance. Brand loyalty and time value reduces online price search. Looking at offline medium, the perceived range of option does not diminish price importance or price search; but price search reduce because of product/price bundling by an intermediary. Price comparisons using intermediaries has a much stronger impact on price search offline than online. For both sets, the result is consistent as the online and offline models are similar. Online medium effects price importance more because Highlights the range of product options and price bundling by an intermediary to diminish the price importance then it put emphasis on brand loyalty which decreases price search and the effect of price comparison by an intermediary and lastly it is easier to search for price information which reduces the search cost and time as well. Price/product bundling proves to be a strategic advantage for the firms, more online than offline. The price comparison using intermediaries will be more beneficial if online intermediaries are used and provide proper service/ good description with prices and get it linked to the other sites as well. Variables: Price search, Price importance, Price information, Non-pricing advertising, Web-site design, Targeting distribution, Brand loyalty, value of time, frequency of shopping, Alliance strategies, Online attributes price importance influence by medium- product category, demographics. H0: Advertising Effects Evaluates In Three-Dimensional Space of Product (Experience, Affect, Cognition) This paper named How Advertising Works written Demetrios Vakratsas, Tim Ambler (1999) by related to my topic in this way that it talks about the impacts of advertising on consumers which helps observe what features of ads influences consumer behavior or changing their buying behavior. The authors gather the information about how advertising affects the consumer. Advertising effects classified into intermediate effects, for example, on consumer beliefs and attitudes, and behavioral effects, which relate to purchasing behavior, for example, on brand choice. The authors propose that advertising effects studied in a space, with affect, cognition, and experience as the three dimensions. The EAC Space adjusted according to the context: product category, competitive environment, other marketing mix components, stage of the product life cycle, and target audience. The article has reviewed former research of intermediate and behavioral effects of advertising using models from market response. Advertising can be estimate in a three-dimensional space using the dimensions of experience, affect, and cognition (the EAC Space). The coordinates of the three dimensions can verify the importance of a specific advertising promotion. The article have classified and reconsider preceding research of intermediate and behavioral effects of advertising using a arrangement of models preliminary from market response and ending with integrative and nonhierarchical models. The principal overview concerned the persuasive hierarchy (CA) category of models of advertising effects. Although such models dynamically engaged for 100 years but still flawed on two bases: the concept of hierarchy on which its origin cannot empirically sustained, and have eliminated experience effects. The article suggest that behavioral (brand choice, market share) and cognitive and affective (beliefs, attitudes, awareness) directed industry to analyze the edge of context, intermediate effects, and long- and short-term behavior. In this attempt, determination of affective reactions from cognitive partiality evaluated and this is especially important for low-involvement products for which habit and affect are much more important than cognition. On the contrary, it is safe to say that effects of advertising can calculated by (EAC) space of any product but the dimensions can vary from product to product and hence the importance of dimensions as well. Variables: Consumers beliefs, Consumers attitudes, Purchasing behavior, Brand choice, Ads goal diversity, Product category, Competition, Stage of product cycle, Target market, Market share and Awareness H0: Price Advertising Positioning Tactics Increases Brand Equity, Price Importance and Consumer Price Sensitivity H1: Non-Price Advertising Positioning Tactics Decreases Brand Equity, Price Importance and Consumer Price Sensitivity The article The impact of advertising positioning strategies on consumer price sensitivity written by Ajay Kalra and Ronald C. Goodstein (1998) examines the relationship of brands positioning strategies through advertising with consumer price sensitivity. The authors examine the link between advertising and price effects and that this bond depends on the definite advertising positioning strategies. The advertising has different objective, depending on the competitive perspective of the brand and others positioned to narrow the supposed difference between brands. The authors recognize that price- oriented advertising raises sensitivity while non-price oriented advertising decreases sensitivity. Non-price advertising examines two tactics that fail to increase brand price equity: value-oriented positioning, attribute (meaningless) differentiation, while comparative tactics increase price importance and sensitivity at the category level. In addition, findings bring about that advertising effectiveness measured at both the brand and category levels. The hypothesis tested in two experiments transversely different product categories, entailing that advertising effectiveness must extend other than brand rate related to attitude. Testing of how non-price advertising positioning strategies affect brand equity, price importance, and category price sensitivity. Opposing to the accepted vision, numerous types of non-price positioning tactics can diminish equity and increase price sensitivity. Ninety graduate students at a major west coast university volunteered to contribute in experiment carry out in one of four experimental surroundings and as an incentive for $100 lottery given. They asked to analyze a rough advertisement for a new product and under high-involvement, circumstances and advertising positioning varied without the alteration in the brand attribute information in the advertising copy. The experiment designed within one factor and four level of advertisement positioning. An advertisement can have particularly dissimilar effects at each level like at comparative level will be beneficial for minor brands but not for premium brands, because it will increase price sensitivity for whole product category. The results also suggest that brand equity and advertising effects must assess in terms of both attitudes and behavioral manifestation. Pricing effects happen because of advertising, when attitudes extracted from the analysis. Nevertheless, the case is different in low involvement where meaningless attribute positioning and celebrity endorsements could significantly affect brand equity and category price sensitivity. Emotional appeals and fear appeals as attitudinal effects also influence advertisements in a cognitive manner. On this note, the conclusion made that non-price advertising positioning strategies affect brand equity, price importance, and price sensitivity and promotional price advertising increases price sensitivity, whereas non-price advertising decreases price sensitivity. Several types of non-price positioning tactics can decrease equity and increase price sensitivity and brand equity measures extend beyond attitudes and include the ability to demand a premium price. Variables: Advertising- positioning strategies, Brand equity, Celebrity endorses positioning, Meaningless attribute differentiation, unique features positioning, Brand comparison and Value positioning H0: Price Sensitivity is Measureable The paper Price Sensitivity Measurement written by Robert C. Lewis and Stowe Shoemaker (1997) elaborates on the measurement of price sensitivity through hospitality industry, to see the determinants of price sensitivity are the reason of choosing this article. Instead of using price methods on trial basis and error to determine the right price for products or services, a hotel or restaurant operator can use a relatively simple survey tool to measure customers price sensitivity. The prices for services faces at least three complicating factors: Customers often have inaccurate or limited reference prices (i.e. right prices) for services, they use price as a key signal for quality and monetary price is the only cost for service customers. Reference prices have complicated the different needs of customers in two ways: The interpretation of price (value based) on the buyers view and the relationship between price and value. A price sensitivity measurement determines how consumers percepti ons of the value affected by the interaction of price and quantity. A study conducted in which consumers asked to state the highest and lowest prices to which they purchase selected inexpensive items, showed that price act as a quality indication but not an absolute barrier to purchase. Actually, the price sensitivity measurement examines price perceptions by determining levels of customers resistance as they relate to perceived quality and the market range of acceptable prices for a specific product or services. Authors examined the application of the price sensitivity measurement model (PSM) to the association meeting market. The five components of our hypothesis are as follows: firstly, a point at which hotel room rates considered cheap or expensive; the price considered too cheap and quality questioned; no matter what the quality and price is, it is too expensive and purchase is beyond consideration and lastly a way to measure the above points. In addition, these are the questions to analyze the value of a product or service. The last two questions are actually to measure the optimal price point. Room rates are a definite factor in the meeting planners purchase decision. The hypothetical situation considered was to plan an annual convention for organization to hold in Des Monte with expected attendance of 300- 500 attendance, which will last four days, and hosted in first class hotel. Rooms single occupied and participants will stay at the same hotel and the chosen (four) hotels without a ny prior experience. Final decision based on four questions and the design made with two objectives in mind: to minimize the intervening variables that might enter into the situation, thereby affecting their respondents and expect respondents to projects their associations needs and into the situation. Survey to send to a random sample of 443 association-meeting planners and received 115 usable responses (constituting 33% response rate). The study has indicated the existence of a range of acceptable prices for meeting planners. it can be helpful in determining to compare the perception of specific brands, the competition and variables within a product line. The result showed that the price sensitivity measurement technique could most likely apply to the hotel industry though there is no basis for interpreting the results. It could give the indifferent point, an indifference percentage, and an optimum pricing point, a stress level and a range of acceptable prices on lodging industry benchmarks with which to compare those values. In addition, the conclusion made that some meeting planners have in mind threshold prices outside of which price will inhibit their decisions to purchase. The degree to which they are price sensitive (respondents) is difficult to determine. Variables: Quality, Product features, and consumers perception of value H0: An increase in non-price advertising leads to lower price sensitivity among consumers H1: The use of price advertising leads to lower prices H2: An increase in price advertising leads to higher price sensitivity among consumers The paper Empirical Generalizations about the Impact of Advertising on Price Sensitivity and Pricewritten by Anil Kaul and Dick R. Wittink (1995), is linked to my topic in this way that this paper have made generalization statements which works as a medium for measuring the impact of advertising on consumer price sensitivity. The term empirical generalizations suggest the same results comes out in different circumstances and are gathered on outcomes from varied marketing strategies and the result will help estimating the price insensitivities and making a strategic decision about market segmentation, price-marketing activities and competitive market strategies. Two types of advertising are Non-price advertising (national advertising) gives the information about the brand positioning and its intentions to communicate about the characteristics (unique) of the brand and Price advertising (local characteristics) gives the information related to price and availability of the brand. A chan ge in price sensitivity is measured either by Researchers employing experiments (interaction between advertising and price) or by econometric researchers (use price elasticity). It generates a set of three empirical generalizations after studying the previous marketing methods: The approach is to analyze the characteristics and results of previous studies providing explanations on the relevance of these generalizations means the relationship between advertising and price sensitivity observed by an overview of 18 studies. The observations made from a large set of products e.g., new products, mature products, consumer (non-durables) and durables, services with identification the type of product, the number of brands, the type of advertising, the measure of advertising and price sensitivity, and the type of interaction (result). Three implications considered to assess the link between advertising and price sensitivity: Firstly, the difference between price sensitivity of current consumers from additional consumers attracted by increased advertising. Secondly, the measurement of price sensitivity whether aggregate (price elasticity) or disaggregate (brand choice to price) data. Third consideration is about target market. If market were highly price-sensitive, t hen the ceiling effect would be a partial effect of price advertising on sensitivity but if it is of price-insensitive, non-price advertising will slightly influence the price receptiveness. The results specify that in nine studies price sensitivity increases with higher advertising, in seven studies it decreases with higher advertising, and in two cases both effects are attained. Considering only those cases where at least three studies have provided the same result. Focus is on the area of price advertising as moderators such as market share, similarity of brands characteristics or benefits, product life cycle, and the number of competitors, in affecting this relationship and is large enough to alter the brand choice. Moreover, creates variation on price sensitivity due to increase advertising from 20% to 180%. Considering this fact that product-related and other factors that affect the amount of change in price sensitivity in such situations, the conclusion is that non-price advertising reduces the price sensitivity( accepts H0 ) and falsifies H1 and H2. Variables: Brand positioning, Product information, Product differentiation, Brand loyalty, Brand choice, Product market level, Type of product (new products, mature products, consumer nondurables and durables, services), Advertising content, Market share, Similarity of brands characteristics or benefits, Product life cycle and Number of competitors. H0: Advertising Builds Market Power Similar to above article this article Price Sensitivity and Television Exposures written by Vinay Kanetkar, Charles B. Weinberg, Doyle L. Weiss (1992) elaborates the contradictory findings with regard to increases in brand advertising activities lead to increase /decrease in price sensitivity. Mentioning the lack of data to measure the revelation of ones households to advertisements and to restrain competitive activities has been a major limitation to date. This paper finds in high-level of publicity of the product, house- holds brands choice and price sensitivity can decrease for two frequently purchased products though it says that increased advertising linked with increase households brand choice and price sensitivity as well. For a number of decades researchers have been attempting to understand the impact of marketing mix variables (price and advertising) on sales (or market share) of purchased goods. However, the interaction of price and advertising has not completely measured. Set of models designed to examine the effects of advertisings on price sensitivity. Dry dog food accounts for about 60% of total consumer expenditures and eighteen of the 39 brands have large differences in advertising intensity with only one brand had a market share greater than 10%, there were 186 unique brand available to consumers. Because of so many brand choices, minor brands combined into aggregate brand categories. In addition, brand-sizes ignored for three reasons. First, television advertising focuses on brand benefits and does not deal with package size. Second, the package size decision is likely, not a purchase-to-purchase decision. Finally, for the sample households, more than 70% of the dog food purchases were for a package size of five pounds. To reduce the number of alternatives to a manageable size, brands grouped into aggregate categories according to the size of their market share of 5% and brands advertised and not advertised, so the number of alternative comes down to 11. All brands attributes compared to each other as alternative of others. A similar procedure applied to the aluminum foil data. The aluminum foil market (in the test city) was aggregated to consist of three brands or choice alternatives, one major brand, private brands, and generic brands. Only the major brand advertised on television and the results were similar of that dog food. The results are steady with the point of view that increased advertising is associated with increased brand choice and price sensitivity. In light of the effect of advertising on sales, several points noted. Firstly, the purchases vary in buying behavior of households and reflect only short run effects for advertising and the other mix variables. Price sensitivity effects are generally short-lived. In addition, results show that the indirect effects of advertising have an important effect on price sensitivity; usually that the immediate impact of advertising is still low as compared to that of other variables. In turn, the hypothesis is constant with the confirmation that the information conveyed to consumers may not be underpinned the distinct traits and attributes of a brand. Rather, advertising may be increasing consumers brand awareness, strengthen resemblance with other brands, and increasing price competition at the retail level. The interpretation of this means that good advertising that builds market power is difficult to develop and maintain. Variables: Brand choice, Market share, preferred brands, Direct competition, Awareness among consumers, Search costs, Brand equity, Display activities, and Brand loyalty. H0: Advertising diminishes the effect of Consumer Price Sensitivity The article The Effects of Advertising on Co

Cray SuperComputer :: essays research papers

The Cray X-MP/22 manufactured by Cray Research Incorporated (CRI) of Minneapolis, Minnesota was delivered and installed at the U of Toronto this September. The Cray is a well respected computer - mainly for its extremely fast rate of mathematical floating-point calculation. As the university states in its July/August computer magazine "ComputerNews", the Cray's "level of performance should enable researchers with large computational requirements at the university of Toronto and other Ontario universities to compete effectively against the best in the world in their respective fields." The Cray X-MP/22 has two Central Processing Units (CPUs) - the first '2' in the '22'. The Cray operates at a clock rate of 105 MHz (the regular, run-of-the-mill IBMPC has a clock rate of 4.77 MHz). By quick calculations, you would be led to believe the Cray is only about 20 times faster that the PC. Obviously, this is not the case. The Cray handles data considerably differently than the PC. The Cray's circuits permit an array of data (known as a 'vector') to be processes as a SINGLE entity. So, where the IBMPC may require several clock cycles to multiply two numbers, the Cray performs everything in one clock cycle. This power is measured in Millions of Floating Point Operations Per Second (MFLOPS) - which is to say the rate at which floating-point operations can be performed. The Cray MFLOPS vary as it does many activities, but a rate of up to 210 MFLOPS (per CPU) can be achieved. The second '2' in the X-MP/22 title refers to the two million 64-bit words (16Mb) of shared central memory. This can be expanded to four million words in the future if the need arises. But it doesn't stop there! The Cray can pipe information back and forth between the CPU memory and the Input/Output Subsystem (IOS). The IOS then takes it upon itself the store the information in any of the four storage devices: i) one of the four 1200 Mb disk drives (at a rate of 5.9Mb every second), ii) one of two standard 200ips 6250bpi tape drives, iii) a Solid State Storage Device (SSD) (which is much like a 128Mb RAM Disk!), or iv) through to a front-end computer (the U of T uses both the IBM4381 and a DEC VAX). These computers would be programmed (usually in FORTRAN) and the information passed onto the Cray. The results would then be transfered back to the front end computers.

Health Care Associated Infections Essay

Did you know that healthcare associated infections are in the top ten leading causes of death in the United States? According to Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (2010), â€Å"Healthcare-associated infections, also known as HAI’s are the most common complication of hospital care, resulting in 1.7 million infections and ninety-nine thousand deaths each year.† It is unfortunate that so many people suffer each year from infections that could be easily prevented. Slide2 Today my goal is to share some information with you about Healthcare associated infections and hopefully together we can all make a difference by reducing these alarming statistics. To start off I’m going to explain what Healthcare Associated Infections are and then I will go over the different types. Next I am going to go over a couple of the more common pathogens in healthcare associated infections. Following that I would like to talk about the preventive measure that all health care workers should be following to prevent future Healthcare associated infections. (Slide 3) According to Wilkinson and Treas (2011), A Healthcare Associated Infection is an infection related to healthcare given in any setting such as a hospital, during home-care, long-term care, and ambulatory settings. Infections may be spread from one patient to another simply because the healthcare provider failed to wash their hands or wear the proper personal protective equipment. Infections are also commonly spread by devises used during a medical procedure and anything else the patient may come in contact with that has not been properly cleaned such as a call bell or side rail. For instance say you have a patient with MRSA and one of their family members leave the room failing to wash their hands, goes to the front desk to ask for a glass of water for the patient in the mean time she placed her contaminated hands on the desk. Following that a nurse stops by the front desk also placing her hands on the desk then goes in to see a patient and fails to wash her hands prior to patient contact. Now we have just spread the infection and sadly another patient has acquired a healthcare associated infections. Patients whom acquire healthcare associated infections typically have longer duration of recovery time and medical cost are increased drastically. There are many different types of Healthcare Associated Infections, there is Surgical Site Infection (SSI), Central Line Associated Bloodstream Infections (CLABSI), catheter associated infection (UTI), and ventilator associated phenomena (VAP). (Slide 4) Surgical Site Infection A surgical site infection, also known as SSI, is an infection that occurs after surgery in whatever part of a person’s body that the surgery took place. There are three main types of SSI’s. There is superficial incision SSI, which transpires between the integument and subcutaneous tissue. Next is deep incision SSI, taking place at deep tissues such as muscles. The third type is called organ/space SSI, which occurs inside the body at an organ or the open space inside the body around the surgical site. All Surgical infections typically occur within thirty days of the surgical procedure expect in cases of implants, which then surgical site infections can take place with in one year. According to the Center of Disease Control (2012), infections develop in about 1 to 3 out of every 100 patients who have surgery. These infections are not only lengthening hospital stays, but adding unnecessary medical expenses, and are also responsible for unnecessary deaths and long-term disa bilities. (Slide 5) CLABSI Another type of Healthcare associated infection occurs at a central line also known as a catheter line, which is a tube used to draw blood, give medication or fluids through a large vein such as the jugular vein or subcalavian vein. A central line associated blood stream infection is caused when bacteria, or any type of germ enters the blood from the central line, which then causes an infection in the blood stream. –Slide 6- According to The American Surgeon (2011) Nosocomial blood stream infections are one of the leading causes of death in United States hospitals. As stated in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2012), In 2011 there were thirty-seven central line associated blood stream infections reported at Halifax Health Medical Center. (Slide 7) CA-UTI A different type of Healthcare related infection is a catheter associated urinary track infection. This type of infection occurs when the patient has a urinary catheter in place and bacteria or fungus travel up the tubing. The infection can take place any where in the urinary system from the urethra to the kidneys. The longer the patient has the catheter in place the more they are at risk for getting a UTI. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services reported that one in ever two thousand patients who were cared for at Bert Fish Memorial in New Smyrna Beach acquired a catheter associated infection. (Slide 8) VAP Then there are the ventilator-associated phenomena’s, which is an infection that occurs in the lungs due to contaminated ventilation equipment. Patients who are on ventilators are already weakened due to another form of illness and their immune systems are typically compromised making it difficult for their bodies to cope with trying to fight yet another issue. According to Wilkinson and Treas (2011), ventilator associated infection are associated with high mortality rate. Last year alone there were approximately thirty-six thousand reported cases of ventilator-associated infections. (Slide 9) Pathogens Two of the more common types of pathogens in nosocomial infections are Coagulase-negative staphylococci also known as CoNS and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus also known at MRSA. CoNS typically causes catheter related ifections since catheters are not easly removed and cleaned it often makes it complicated to treat. CoNS are also known to be resistant to most forms of antibiotics. According to the European Journal Of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases (2011), CoNS infection prolongs treatment with antibiotics and hospital stay by approximately twelve days or up to two and a half weeks. MRSA is a staph germ that is difficult to cure. If MRSA enters the blood stream it can spread any where through out the body, including bones, and organs. According to Clinical Infectious Disease (2012) MRSA infections kill nineteen thousand hospitalized American patients annually. Out of all the MRSA cases, 86% of them are healthcare aquired. (Slide 10) Preventive measures All of these infections could be prevented if we take initiative to follow the proper protocol. One the simplest and most important preventive measures is washing your hands before and after entering a client’s room. Sadly many health providers fail to do this. These infections could be prevented as long as the healthcare team uses proper aseptic techniques. In 2010 Florida’s Department of Health started up a program called the HAI prevention program. One of their main goals is to prevent and decrease the healthcare related infection rates in Florida’s hospitals and long-term care facilities. With in a five-year period the US Department of Health and Human Services plans on reducing Blood stream infections in Florida by 50-70%. That’s a good start, but I believe we should all strive to eliminate all healthcare related infections. A few preventive measures are, if a medical supply accidentally becomes contaminated through it out and start fresh, as soon as our patients are well enough to have catheters removed notify the doctor so that they can be removed promptly, and always wash your hands before and after patient contact and remind others to wash their hands as well. (Slide 11) Conclusion In closing I am sad to say it, but many healthcare providers are in violation of the first rule of health care, Do No Harm. Our patients are coming to us to be relieved of their illnesses not to acquire new ones. So if we could all just follow the simple preventive measures such as washing our hands before and after assisting our patients we all can make a difference. Just think that fifteen seconds it took you to wash your hands may have just saved a life. References Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (2010) Ending healthcare-associated infections. Retrieved from http://www.ahrq.gov/qual/haicusp.htm Boucher, H. & Corey, R. (2008). Epidemiology of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Oxford Journals. 46(5), 344-349. Retrieved from http://cid.oxfordjournals.org Florida state plan to address healthcare-associated infections. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/HAI/pdfs/stateplans/fl.pdf Kordek, A. (2011). Concentrations of procalcitonin and C-reactive protein, white blood cell count, and the immature-to-total neutrophil ratio in the blood of neonates with nosocomial infections: Gram-negative bacilli vs coagulase-negative staphylococci. European Journal Of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases: Official Publication Of The European Society Of Clinical Microbiology, 30(3), 455-457. Retrieved from http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/ Smith, J., Egger, M., Franklin, G., Harbrecht, B., & Richardson, J. (2011). Central line- associated blood stream infection in the critically ill trauma patient. The American Surgeon, 77(8), 1038-1042. Retrieved from http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost Wilkinson. & Treas. (2011). Fundamentals Of Nursing. Philadelphia, PA: F.A. Davis.